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Energy needs and body composition in individuals with transverse spinal cord injury
Pavlíčková, Jana ; Sadílková, Aneta (advisor) ; Staňová, Alžběta (referee)
Introduction Spinal cord injury is associated with negative changes in body composition, glucose and lipid metabolism. This fact is responsible for a higher risk of metabolic complications in patients with a transverse spinal cord lesion (TML). Individuals tend to achieve a positive energy balance, which leads to an increase in adipose tissue, the development of overweight and obesity and other diseases, and last but not least, to the deterioration of self-sufficiency. Setting optimal energy intake is main key to maintain the patient's health and quality of life. Target The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to determine resting energy rate (RMR) in people after a transverse spinal cord injury. The subject of interest is also the comparison of the results with the prediction equation of Harris-Benedict with the indirect calorimetry (NK) method, to determine the body composition and determine the real energy intake of the diet. A control set of healthy individuals without the handicap of a transverse spinal cord lesion was chosen for the comparison of the obtained data. Methodology The research group consists of adults after a transverse spinal cord lesion. There were 26 people included, 11 women and 15 men, clients of the non-profit organization Centrum Paraple, o.p.s. The average age is 40.3 years...
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Comparative study eating habits university students.
ILLEOVÁ, Annemarie
My Bachelor thesis named "Comparative study of eating habits of university students" is focused on eating habits of research file, i.e. students from the fields of Health Education and National School. The theoretical part involves clarifying the impact of nutrition on an individual's health, describing the composition of the diet, from the point of view of macronutrients. The practical part analyses and evaluates the data collected from students. They provided the results of their weekly food income recorded in an application kaloricketabulky.cz. The thesis is focused on intake of fats, carbohydrates and proteins compared to the average recommended standards.
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Nutritional specifics in OCR
Lišková, Lucie ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Větrovská, Renata (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the nutrition of competitors in the obstacle sport known by the abbreviation OCR. The main task of this work is to describe the importance and significance of sports nutrition and its timing in this strength and endurance sport and consequently compare the diet of OCR competitors with nutritional recommendations for this sport. The aim of the work is to determine what awareness competitors in this sport have about sports nutrition and whether their energy intake is sufficient. The method of evaluation of the dietary record was used for the solution, to which a short questionnaire on the characteristics of the athlete and his training was attached. The research group consisted of 12 competitors (5 women and 7 men) in the age range of 19-33 years. Through research, I found that energy intake was not sufficient for both women and men. The average daily energy intake for women was 8,076 kJ, which corresponds to 83% of the recommended daily intake for this group of women, for men this average intake was 10,519 kJ, i.e. 82% of the recommended standard. In particular, carbohydrates played a key role in inadequate energy intake, their amount being significantly lower than recommended in both sexes. Based on quantitative research, I can say that OCR competitors do not have...
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Use of indirect calorimetry in nutritional therapy
Pokorná, Veronika ; Sadílková, Aneta (advisor) ; Žůrková, Pavla (referee)
Introduction: Indirect calorimetry (IC) is a very accurate and non-invasive method which is used in clinical practice to measure the resting metabolic rate. This method is based on the assumption that oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and nitrogen metabolite waste are in definite relation to energy consumption. Based on the measurement of resting metabolic rate, a nutritional therapist can individually determine daily energy intake of a respective individual, the optimal amount of specific nutrients and thus prevents excessive or inadequate intake of energy and nutrients. Objective: The main aim of this thesis is to compare for group of overweight patients the results of the measurement of the resting metabolic rate (RMR), values of the resting metabolic rate calculated according to the Harris-Benedict (HB) equation and the actual energy intake calculated from the diet report obtained from the patients. In addition, the body composition of the examined group with a focus on the amount of muscle tissue is also marginally evaluated. Methods: The research sample includes in total 50 persons-36 women and 14 men. These persons are patients of the General Faculty Hospital in Prague. The average age is 46 years for women and 51 years for men. The average BMI for women is 38,2 kg/m2 and for men...
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Offer and composition of meals for children in nursery schools.
MALIMÁNKOVÁ, Jana
This Bachelor's thesis focuses on nutrition of children in preschools. Here, children eat a mid-morning snack, lunch and an afternoon snack. This equals to 60% of their daily intake. Healthy development of children requires the food compliant with nutrition standards for preschool children. Hence, the Consumption Basket was introduced by the Decree No. 107/2005 Coll., on school meals. To facilitate menu creation, nutrient recommendations with frequency of meals were issued by the Ministry of Health. Submitted thesis pursues three objectives: To analyse whether the consumption basket of selected preschools meets requirements defined by the decree, to focus on the level of adherence of preschools to recommendations defined by the Ministry of Health and to reveal whether the energy value of randomly chosen four-day menus and their content of individual nutrients meet the needs of a child from a particular age group. The practical part processes four-week period's menus to observe whether the school canteen follows recommended frequency of meals. It also analyses resultant consumption baskets of selected canteens to reveal whether they follow the consumption basket content. And finally, it uses recipes and foodstuff types obtained from four randomly selected days of a particular month. Obtained data were processed in a Nutriservis program to learn whether the energy value of the menus and content of individual nutrients meet the needs of a preschool child. Results showed that two of the canteens did not meet the consumption basket criteria. They also showed the level of adherence of school canteens to the nutrient recommendations and defined room for improvement. Regarding capability of meals in preschools to meet the needs of preschool children, nutrient intake was revealed to be higher - sometimes even higher than overall daily intake. However, it is necessary to note that neither the exact amount of served food was considered nor the amount of leftovers was subtracted.
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Influence of nutrition stereotype on body composition - body weight, body fat, muscle mass and body water.
Lichnovský, Miroslav ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Kinkorová, Ivana (referee)
Title: Influence of nutrition stereotyps on body composition - body weight, body fat, muscle mass and body water. Objectives: The aim of this work is to influence changes in body composition in women of various ages, body weight, occupation and movement regime. By adjusting eating habits reduce the amount of body fat while maintaining muscle mass. Methods Basic dietary recommendations for the ratio of macro-nutrients and time aspects of food intake according to the general body weight reduction recommendation. The bioimpedance method is used for assessment of body composition and selected circuits are evaluated at the same time. Based on this data, an individual diet plan was developed for each woman and the dietary effect was continuously evaluated. The study involved six women. Four overweight and obesity weighing 92 ± 17 kg and BMI 35 ± 4 kg/ . Two with a normal weight of 60 ± 2 kg and a BMI of 22.5 ± 0.5 kg/ Average age of women 40 ± 15 years. Results: After the individual diet was applied for three months, we found significant changes in women with higher body weight. They reduced body weight by 6 ± 1 kg and body fat by 5 ± 1 kg. In addition, these persons reduced the waist circumference by 5 ± 2 cm and the hips by 4 ± 2 cm. For the remaining two subjects with normal body weight, we did not...
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Inflence of nutrition streotypes on body fat reduction
Lichnovský, Miroslav ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Kinkorová, Ivana (referee)
Title: Influence of nutrition stereotypes on body fat reduction Objectives: The aim of this work is to achieve a reduction in body fat through appropriate eating habits. Acquired theoretical knowledge applied to practice for six women of different age and movement regime. Inform about the procedures of this intervention. Verify the validity of theoretical knowledge in practice. Achieve the desired results. Methods Basic dietary recommendations, peer-to-peer comparisons and time aspects of food intake. Furthermore, bioimpedance measurements on the In Body 230 instrument and physical body measurements by a tape method to determine the baseline status of the examined women and to subsequently monitor their running state at specified intervals. Developing a diet for each of these women and evaluating the on-going status. Results: The result of this diploma thesis is to make changes in eating habits that will lead to the reduction of body fat. Partial results are the protocols from the continuous measurement on the In Body 230 at the Lunacor s.r.o. In Kroměříž and fitness center Fit2b s.r.o. In Prague 8 - Bohnice.. Key words: Nutrition, way of living, lifestyle, obesity, BMI, dietary, basal metabolism, nutrition ratio, nutritional habits, reduction, body weight, body fat, muscle mass, body water,...
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Nutritional assessment of extraleague handball players
Laštovička, Petr ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Matějů, Jarmila (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on nutritional assessment of extraleague handball players. The aim is to describe the importance of nutrition in sport and compare groups of professional athletes with amateurs. The thesis is divided into 2 parts. The theoretical part deals mainly with the importance of individual nutrients, the drinking regime, handball physiology and related energy metabolism. The practical part evaluates the results of the questionnaire and the four-day nutritional intake. The research team consisted of 20 extraleague handball players and 15 unprofessional athletes from the age of 18 to 29. The evaluation of the nutritional intake indicated insufficient energy intake, mainly in the form of carbohydrates. Differences were also found between two groups, when extraleague handball players compensate insufficient intake of carbohydrate by increased protein consumption, but unprofessional athletes have increased fat intake. Excessive intake of proteins and fats of animal origin was detected, which is also due to the fact that 85 % of the extraleague handball players did never consult their nutritional intake with a nutritionist. Key words: sports nutrition, handball, nutritional intake, energy intake, drinking regime
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Monitoring of energy intake and expenditure during reducing stays
Pražanová, Ivana ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Piecha, Roman (referee)
Obezita představuje ve vyspělých zemích závažný zdravotní problém a hlavní rizikový faktor rozvoje kardiovaskulárních onemocnění, cukrovky 2. typu, nemocí pohybového aparátu a některých nádorových onemocnění. Je také provázena řadou komplikací a výrazně zhoršuje kvalitu života. 27 pacientů, kteří byli hospitalizováni za účelem redukce hmotnosti na oddělení D3 III. interní kliniky Všeobecné fakultní nemocnice v Praze v období ledna až počátku dubna roku 2017 byli sledováni z hlediska výskytu komorbidit a příjmu a výdeje energie za použití aplikace kaloricketabulky.cz, portálu casprozdravi.cz a krokoměrů Garmin Vivofit. Byla hodnocena vhodnost bioimpedanční metody pro sledování změn složení těla pacientů během redukčních pobytů za použití přístroje InBody S10. V souladu s teorií se ve sledované skupině pacientů vyskytovala v důsledku extrémní obezity celá řada komplikací. Diagnostická kritéria pro metabolický syndrom splňovalo 23 (85%) pacientů. Rozdílné hodnoty obsahu energie a jednotlivých živin v aplikacích kaloricketabulky.cz a Nutriservis jsou příčinou průměrného denního rozdílu 717 kJ mezi záznamy pacientů a nemocničním rozpisem. Průměrně pacienti ušli denně 4713 kroků. Pacienti průměrně zredukovali hmotnost o 7,6 kg (SD ±3,54). Bioimpedanční metoda vykazuje příliš vysokou variabilitu a není...
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Nutritional indicators of competitive and profesional cross-country skiers
Wűrzová, Anna ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Tuka, Vladimír (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on nutrition indicators for competitive and profesional cross-country skiers. The main aim of the thesis is to describe the importance of the sports nutrition for endurance athletes and to compare different diets for two differently capable groups of cross-country skiers. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part comprises information about the physiology of cross-country skiing, in particular the important function of metabolism and morphological characterization of the cross-country skier. Furthermore, it describes specific requirements of the endurance athlete on a diet, individual macronutrients and micronutrients and describes proper diet supplements for endurance sport. The practical part summarizes results received on the basis of evaluation of the questionnaires about the characterization of the training and respondent's four-days-menus. The research data collection involved eight profesional and eight competitive cross-country skiers from the age 20 to 32. It was established that the profesional cross-country skiers have higher training capacity and therefore higher expenditure of energy than competitive cross- country skiers. The sportsmen's menu evaluation referred to the diet differences between both groups. The recommended energy intake...
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